Monoclonal Antibodies An antigen is a substance capable of causing an immune response leading to production of antibodies. Antibodies are antigen specific and will only bind to the antigen that initiated their production . Polyclonal Antibodies are produced by many clones of B-cells.Antigen specific . Polyclonal antibodies produced in animals. Monoclonal Antibodies are immunoglobulin which is produced by animal cells artificially in tissue culture and their name suggests the antibody produced comes from a single cell clone. Monoclonal Antibodies are produce in large amount by a method called hybridoma Technology. Hybridoma technology is devised by George kohler & cesar Milstein in 1975 . Monoclonal Antibodies have monovalent affinity i.e. bind to the same and single epitope ,part of antigen that recognized by antibody. ...
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Showing posts from January, 2019
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Protein interaction between gametes (male & female Male gamete is called SPERM &Female gamete is called OVUM. Fertilization ,process male & female gamete fuse together to form Zygote(2n). Sperm head contain special vesicle called Acrosomal vesicle or acrosome. Acrosome is derived from Golgi bodies & acrosome contain hydrolytic enzyme(protei n) ,help in dissolve the egg shell. Ovum contain large amount of yolk ( comprises lipid,protein & polysaccharides) called megalecithel eg.birds,reptiles ,small amount of yolk, microlecithel egg -sea urchin ,mammals.Outer layer of ovum of lower organism called vitelline layer and higher organism (mammals) called Zona pellucida. Zona pellucida is made up of three glycoprotein viz .ZP1 ,ZP2 & ZP3 (Z for zona & P for protein) and three glycoprotein are arranged as layer called outer ZP3 ,middle ZP2 & inner ZP1 and the 1st of all sperm head bind to outer ZP3 glycoprotein . Protein interaction are possible ...
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Digestive Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalyst which is responsible for degradation of complex molecule(food) into simple(food) & absorbable form. Enzyme enhance the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy of substrate. Few important digestive enzyme are- Trypsin - trypsin is secreted from pancreas (mix gland) as a trypsinogen. It cleaves the peptides at carboxyl side (c-side) of lysine (k) & arginine(R),which is basic amino acids .Exception,if lysine or arginine is followed by proline trypsin does not act on that peptide because 3D cleft or active site of trypsin ...